By K. Subramanya Sastry
Plant virus and sub-viral pathogens pose serious constraints to the creation of wide variety of economically very important vegetation world wide. The plants raised either via real seed and vegetative propagated fabrics are affected with variety of virus and virus-like ailments. The virus could input into vegetation via seed planting fabrics or via vectors. as soon as the virus is within the box, it multiplies and spreads following convinced styles based upon the character of the vector and agro-meteorological stipulations. illness unfastened vegetation and vegetation are nice fiscal and social significance in feeding the world's inhabitants. Detection of virus and sub-viral brokers at preliminary levels of an infection is necessary to minimize fiscal losses. for almost 20 years, ELISA and its editions performed an immense function in huge scale virus trying out and in addition within the creation of virus-free planting materials.
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Extra info for Plant Virus and Viroid Diseases in the Tropics: Volume 1: Introduction of Plant Viruses and Sub-Viral Agents, Classification, Assessment of Loss, Transmission and Diagnosis
Example text
Virus disease of plants was known long before the discovery of bacteria. i) Eupatorium yellow vein disease is the first record of viral disease by Japanese empress Koken in her poem in 752 AD. ii) Breaking of flower colour of tulips (as early as 1576). iii) Transmission of leaf variegations from the scion to the stock of woody plants (as early as 1700). 2. Tobacco mosaic was identified by Swietch in Holland during 1857. 3. In 1882, Adolph Mayer (1843–1942) described a condition of tobacco plants, which he called ‘‘mosaic disease’’ (‘‘mozaïkziekte’’).
2012). The majority of the virus diseases which are affecting crop plants are responsible for heavy yield losses. Historically, viruses are perceived almost exclusively as a health threat to humans, livestock, and crop plants. However, recent progress in understanding virus-host interactions has transformed viruses into important molecular tools (gene vectors, regulatory elements of transcription and translation) of biomedicine and biotechnology. According to 9th ICTV report and subsequent online updates, there are 349 genera and 2284 virus species (King et al.
Since the responses of these plants to viral infections under greenhouse conditions are consistent and distinctive, they are commonly used as indicator plants (Nayudu 2008). In virus infected plants, two major types of responses are noticed. Local lesions, which are confined to inoculated leaves (local lesion hosts), and systemic infections which produce symptoms on leaves distant from the inoculation site (systemic hosts). Many plant viruses are transmissible to indicator plants by means of mechanical transmission or grafting.