By Rutgerd Boelens, David Getches, Armando Guevara-Gil

Water isn't just a resource of existence and tradition. it's also a resource of energy, conflicting pursuits and id battles. Rights to materially entry, culturally manage and politically keep an eye on water assets are poorly understood through mainstream clinical ways and infrequently addressed via present normative frameworks. those concerns turn into much more difficult whilst legislations and policy-makers and dominant energy teams try and grab, include and deal with them in multicultural societies. The struggles over the makes use of, meanings and appropriation of water are specifically well-illustrated in Andean groups and native water platforms of Peru, Chile, Ecuador, and Bolivia, in addition to in local American groups in south-western united states. the matter is that all through heritage, those realms have tried to 'civilize' and convey into the mainstream the several cultures and peoples inside their borders rather than knowing 'context' and harnessing the strengths and potentials of variety. This ebook examines the multi-scale struggles for cultural justice and socio-economic re-distribution that come up as Latin American groups and consumer federations search entry to water assets and decision-making strength concerning their keep an eye on and administration. it truly is set within the dynamic context of unequal, globalizing strength family, politics of scale and id, environmental encroachment and the expanding presence of extractive industries which are developing extra pressures on neighborhood livelihoods. whereas a lot of the point of interest of the booklet is at the Andean area, a few comparative chapters also are incorporated. those handle concerns akin to water rights and defence innovations in neighbouring international locations and people of local American humans within the southern united states, in addition to country reform and multi-culturalism throughout Latin and local the United States and using foreign criteria in struggles for indigenous water rights. This publication exhibits that, opposed to all odds, everyone is actively contesting neoliberal globalization and water energy performs. In doing so, they build new, hybrid water rights platforms, livelihoods, cultures and hydro-political networks, and dynamically problem the mainstream powers and politics.

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Thus, globalizing forces strengthen the market-based institutional models that threaten to co-opt local systems and community management forms (compare Hendriks, 1998; Budds and McGranahan, 2003; Swyngedouw, 2005; Bakker, 2007, 2010; Perreault, 2008). National and international policies do not attempt to adapt to local contexts, but rather seek to transform and control them. It is the users’ ES_OOM_27-1 18 10/2/10 09:26 Page 18 OUT OF THE MAINSTREAM universe that is to be adapted (Boelens, 2008).

Society’s ruling groups seek to enrol and align humans, nature and thought within a single water governance system that is structured according to their interests to control locality and based on non-local rules, truths and frames of reference. In reaction, local users’ collectives commonly resist and strategize to construct their own, alternative systems (Boelens, 2008). These chapters offer a framework to understand how struggles over water arise at each of those four levels, implicating local norms and forms of control and bringing the culture and the identities of the user groups into conflict with ES_OOM_27-1 10/2/10 09:26 Page 19 WATER STRUGGLES AND THE POLITICS OF IDENTITY 19 modernist water policies.

For a critical analysis of water reforms, then, there is merit in seeing water reforms as exponents of this larger project, as driven by the dream and mission to create a free market utopia. In his book Utopia’s Heritage (1998) Hans Achterhuis convincingly shows the dangers and risks of using utopian dreams as guides to shaping reality. No century before ours began with such lofty ideals, and no century saw its expectations end in so much bloodshed. These things are, as he shows, inextricably bound by a grim logic (Achterhuis, 1998).

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Out of the Mainstream: Water Rights, Politics and Identity by Rutgerd Boelens, David Getches, Armando Guevara-Gil
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