By Ron Mancini
OpAmps for everybody via Ron Mancini
Guide for individuals seeking to utilize opamps in any in their a variety of makes use of. in particular important for these DIY'ers trying to construct easy amplifiers.
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2 (4–64) |b| + V CC R G2 + RF RF +5 +1 R G1 R G2 The final equation for this example is given in Equation 4–63. V OUT + –20V IN * 1 (4–65) The final circuit is shown in Figure 4–20 and the measured transfer curve for this circuit is shown in Figure 4–21. 01 µF Figure 4–20. 35 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 VOUT – Output Voltage – V Figure 4–21. Case 4 Example Circuit Measured Transfer Curve The TLV247X was used to build the test circuit because of its wide dynamic range. The transfer curve plots very close to the theoretical curve, and this results from using a high performance op amp.
In most real op amps the open loop gain starts to decrease before 10 Hz, so an understanding of feedback is required to predict the closed loop performance of the op amp. The real world application of op amps is feedback controlled, and depends on op amp open loop gain at a given frequency. A designer must know theory to be able to predict the circuit response regardless of frequency or open loop gain. Analysis tools have something in common with medicine because they both can be distasteful but necessary.
Often lab data similar to that shown here is more accurate than the 5% resistor tolerance, but do not fall into the trap of expecting this performance, because you will be disappointed if you do. The resistors were selected in the k-Ω range arbitrarily. The gain and offset specifications determine the resistor ratios, but supply current, frequency response, and op amp drive capability determine their absolute values. The resistor value selection in this design is high because modern op amps do not have input current offset problems, and they yield reasonable frequency response.