By S. K. Gupta
The cloth of this ebook will derive its medical under-pinning from fundamentals of arithmetic, physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, engineering, soil technology, and similar disciplines and should offer adequate breadth and intensity of figuring out in every one sub-section of hydrology. it's going to commence with uncomplicated innovations:
- Water, its houses, its circulate, modelling and caliber
- The distribution of water in house and time
- Water source sustainability
Chapters on ‘global swap’ and ‘water and ethics’ target respectively to stress the important position of hydrological cycle and its quantitative realizing and tracking for human health and to familiarize the readers with complicated problems with fairness and justice in huge scale water source improvement strategy.
Modern Hydrology for Sustainable Development is meant not just as a textbook for college students in earth and environmental technological know-how and civil engineering measure classes, but additionally as a reference for pros in fields as varied as environmental making plans, civil engineering, municipal and commercial water offer, irrigation and catchment management.Content:
Chapter 1 basics of Hydrology (pages 1–19):
Chapter 2 floor water hydrology (pages 20–69):
Chapter three Groundwater Hydrology (pages 70–94):
Chapter four good Hydraulics and try Pumping (pages 95–113):
Chapter five floor and Groundwater circulate Modelling (pages 114–134):
Chapter 6 Aqueous Chemistry and Human affects on Water caliber (pages 135–180):
Chapter 7 Hydrologic Tracing (pages 181–216):
Chapter eight Statistical Analyses in Hydrology (pages 217–267):
Chapter nine distant Sensing and GIS in Hydrology (pages 268–296):
Chapter 10 city Hydrology (pages 297–321):
Chapter eleven Rainwater Harvesting and synthetic Groundwater Recharge (pages 322–337):
Chapter 12 Water source improvement: The Human Dimensions (pages 338–348):
Chapter thirteen a few Case reports (pages 349–388):
Chapter 14 Epilogue (pages 389–402):
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Extra resources for Modern Hydrology and Sustainable Water Development
Example text
67. It is desirable to use a conversion factor that has been determined for the particular water body instead of the approximation, since the type of impurities between water bodies can vary greatly. 2 Salinity Another TDS related parameter is water salinity. This is a measure of its saltiness and is expressed as the amount of impurity present in parts per thousand of water (ppt) as against impurity expressed per million parts of water (ppm). The latter is used for relatively fresh waters and estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity.
In contrast, the most water-rich areas of the world, such as the Amazon and Congo River basins, are sparsely populated. Some of the most densely populated regions of the world, such as the Mediterranean, the Middle East, India, and China will face severe water shortages in the coming decades, largely due to rapidly growing populations. Even areas of the United States (particularly the southwest and parts of the Midwest) are vulnerable to water shortages. 1 Global precipitation distribution Precipitation involves transfer of water from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface in various forms, such as rain, snow, sleet, hail, or dew.
The relationship between these pressure belts, the average vertical motion in the atmosphere (sinking or rising), and production of precipitation, is brought into sharp focus by inspection of average daily zonal precipitation (Fig. 5). Most 8 Precipitation Rate (mm/day) c01 7 Ocean Land 6 Total 5 4 3 2 1 0 90°N 70° 50° 30° 10° 10° Latitude 30° 50° 70° 90°S Fig. 5 Zonal mean precipitation, land versus ocean, 1979–2003. After Adler et al. (2003). © American Meteorological Society. P2: SFK BLBK276-Gupta August 28, 2010 15:4 Trim: 246mm X 189mm Printer Name: Yet to Come F U N D A M E N TA L S O F H Y D R O L O G Y 30 20 } n 30 20 Stratosphere 10 Thermopause 10 0 } -80 -40 0 20 Temperature (°C) 80 70 60 50 40 30 Sat ura ted vapo ur pres sure 40 303 Water vapour pressure (mb) 50 } 273 283 293 Temperature (°K) at S atur atio Stratopause Mesosphere 263 40 idit y 60 Thermosphere um 70 } (c) eH 80 Mesopause 15 90 so lu t 90 (b) 20 Ab (a) 100 Altitude (km) c01 gram/m3 P1: SFK/UKS 10 Troposphere 0 -10 0 10 20 Temperature (°C) 30 0 -30 10 30 -10 Temperature (°C) Fig.