By Donald Emmeluth
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Example text
These drugs must be given within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms for maximum effectiveness and require a doctor’s prescription. The first of these drugs is amantadine. It goes by the brand name of Symmetrel®. The second drug is known as rimantadine, or the brand name Flumadine®. Both of these drugs work only on Type A influenza virus and will not work on Types B or C. Flumadine is less toxic. Individuals with cases of uncomplicated Type A Influenza may be given amantadine for five days. The usual dose is 200 mg.
Note from the figure that this is the area over the roof of the mouth. A nasopharyngeal wash requ i res first that the patient’s head be ti l ted backward at abo ut a 70° angle. A syri n ge fill ed with sterile saline has a small piece of tubing attach ed to its tip. The tubing is used to allow the saline to enter the nostril. The nasal secretions should be removed 47 06CHp44_51 48 2/15/08 8:16 AM Page 48 INFLUENZA immediately by a su cti on devi ce or the patient may tilt his or her h e ad forward and drain the spec i m en into a sterile con t a i n er.
At t ach m ent indu ces the host cell to engulf the vi rus thro u gh receptor-mediated en doc ytosis. The mem brane of the vesicle or en dosome, wh i ch has en cl o s ed the vi rus, fuses with the vi ra l outer su rf ace and all ows the vi ri on to en ter the host cell . 0. The low pH causes the HA proteins to unfold and ch a n ge thei r shape. This all ows the lipoprotein envelope of the vi rus to fuse with the lipid-bilayer mem brane of the en dosome. As part of this proce s s , the RNA of the vi ri on is rel e a s ed into the cytoplasm of the host cell and migra tes to the nu cl eus.