By V.V. Bogorodsky, V.P. Gavrilo, O.A. Nedoshivin
The challenge of ice destruction comes most often to our recognition in engineering glaciology and ice engineering since it is key within the resolution of many difficulties within the polar areas of the Earth. Ice destruction (like the destruction of the other fabric, in precept) is a fancy challenge on the junction of solid-state physics, continuum mechanics, and fabrics technology. Ice, rather sea ice, is characterised via identified anomalies that may be defined via the simultaneous prevalence of strong, liquid and gaseous stages. Even minor temperature fluctuations reason adjustments within the courting of those levels and, for that reason, swap the physico-mechanical homes of ice. New hydraulic engineering projects, linked to the destruction of any such advanced fabric, call for non-stop development of tools and strategies. the current authors have introduced those jointly in a sort that is handy for a variety of clients. This e-book covers basically neighborhood ice destruction, by way of potential except icebreakers, requiring relatively low intake of energy in share to the quantity and mass of destroyed ice. difficulties of ordinary ice destruction below the impact of sun radiation, tidal, wind and wave components are usually not dis stubborn. Mechanical and thermal equipment have been the 1st of many for use for ice destruction. Their software has concerned a better num ber of suggestions, so the 1st chapters are the longest.
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Additional resources for Ice Destruction: Methods and Technology
Sample text
Dismembering of a 10 km 2 ice sheet into blocks of 25x25 m [173] may be accomplished in five days with a two-shift working schedule. For example, the high capacity of an ice plough with a floating tractor GT-T ensures dismembering of the entire area of an ice sheet on a water body into 25x25 m blocks in 15 days. The capacity of vessels increased threefold in ports when the ice was weakened by ice ploughs [174]. Even at subzero temperatures, furrows cut by an ice plough melt through in 2-4 weeks and become channels.
21. Cutting ice with artificial transverse cuts made by sidemilling cutter [185]. 72 MPa). Therefore, when an end milling cutter is used, the ice-cutting resistance is much greater than in the case of a side-milling cutter. It is also necessary to consider the manifestation of anisotropy in the mechanical properties of ice when designing and operating ice-cutting machines. 1. Cutting Means Ice saws with chains are simple in design and have high capacity. g. models DLN-1 and LM-3. However, practical experience has demonstrated that the narrow cuts sawn by these machines in ice close up again rapidly, and the frozen ice recovers its initial resistance to an applied load at very low subzero air temperatures.
New methods of drilling holes in ice should also be developed. In particular, attention should be paid to the potential advantages of drilling ice by means of a circular milling cutter. If the drilling depth is H and the hole diameter 0, then the volume of ice turned into chips is TI0 2 H/4. But there is no technological necessity to turn the entire ice volume into chips; this is only a consequence of utilizing a simplified drill. When utilizing a circular milling cutter, a plug is cut out of the ice sheet and only a small volume of ice is turned into chips: where 0 is the cutter outside diameter and d the inside diameter.