By Dr. Stephanus Büttgenbach (auth.)
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Extra resources for Hyperfine Structure in 4d- and 5d-Shell Atoms
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Foerster, Bonn. 37 eral line-widths from the resonance to be measured. The influence of the uncertainty in the nuclear g factor gl can usually be neglected at low magnetic f i e l d s . 1). 2 Production of Atomic Beams Atomic beams suitable for study with the ABMR method are usually produced by evaporating the element to be studied from a crucible through a narrow rectangular s l i t (for apparatus with two-pole deflecting magnets) or through a small c i r c u l a r hole (for apparatus with six-pole deflecting magnets) /132/.
Schematic diagram of the ABMR apparatus at Bonn equipped with a universal detector l a r l y useful f o r atomic states with integral J value. Symmetric adjustment of the apparatus allows detecting t r a n s i t i o n s of the type Mj(A)=O +Mj(B)mO as " f l o p - o u t " signals; since the atoms in a state with Mj =0 pass through the apparatus without any d e f l e c t i o n , such a t r a n s i t i o n r e s u l t s in a small decrease of the i n t e n s i t y observed at the detector. However, detecting such t r a n s i t i o n s as " f l o p - i n " signals leads to a much better s i g n a l - t o - n o i s e r a t i o because the background of non-resonant atoms is much smaller in t h i s case.
4. An area equivalent in i t s dimensions to the s l i t of a conventional atomic beam c r u c i b l e is heated l o c a l l y on the mantle surface of a c y l i n d r i c a l target consisting of a s o l i d piece of the element to be studied. The local heating above the evaporation temperature is achieved by the w e l l - c o l l i m a t e d electron beam of a lO0-kV electron gun. The electron beam can be focussed by a magnetic lens to a few tenths of a m i l l i m e t e r . 3x5 mm, which is the required cross section of the atomic beam, the electron beam is deflected with a frequency 39 cathode ~ F i 9 .