By Enrique Cadenas
Comprises new and accelerated fabric on antioxidants in drinks and natural items, nitric oxide and selenium, and the impression of nutrition C on heart problems and of lipoic acid on getting older, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance!Offering over 4200 modern references-2000 greater than the former edition-the moment version of the instruction manual of Antioxidants is an up to the moment resource for nutritionists and dietitians, telephone biologists and biochemists, cardiologists, oncologists, dermatologists, and scientific scholars in those disciplines.
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Extra info for Handbook of Antioxidants (Oxidative Stress and Disease)
Example text
Alternatively, they could show that an antioxidant action is feasible, in that the compound shows protective action in vitro at concentrations within the range present in foods or in vivo. , it may not be absorbed, not reach the correct site of action, or be rapidly metabolized to inactive products). , by up-regulating the levels of endogenous antioxidant defenses such as SOD or glutathione peroxidase). How then can the effectiveness of antioxidants be evaluated in vivo? 30 HALLIWELL The methodology available for detecting oxidative damage has improved rapidly in recent years, especially for damage to lipids and DNA (36,254).
The sensitivity of ESR is sufficient to detect radicals derived from such antioxidants as ascorbate and vitamin E in biological tissues, body fluids, foods, and beverages. For example, ESR has been used to detect long-lived radicals formed in bone or cuticle of irradiated foods (127) and for quality control of milk powder (144). However, ESR is insufficiently sensitive to directly detect highly reactive radicals such as OH· , RO2 · , or alkoxyl (RO· ) radicals. , its steady-state concentration is effectively zero).
John’s wort, contain photosensitizers (247,248). Singlet O2 is formed when ozone reacts with several biomolecules, including thiols and proteins (249) and during lipid peroxidation, where it seems to arise largely by the self-reaction of peroxyl radicals (250). Singlet O2 can be generated in the laboratory by photosensitization reactions employing such molecules as methylene blue and rose bengal (245). In assessing 1 O2 quenching or scavenging by putative antioxidants using photochemical systems, it is important to ensure that any damage caused to a target molecule is due to singlet O2 and is not caused by direct interaction with the excited state of the sensitizer, or by reactions involving other ROS (such as O2 ·− and OH· ), that are often generated in illuminated pigment-containing systems.