By David P. Clark

The beautiful Hidden Interconnections among Microbes and Humanity

AD 452: Attila the Hun stands able to sack Rome. not anyone can cease him—but he walks away. A miracle? No...dysentery. Microbes kept the Roman Empire. approximately a millennium later, the microbes of the Black loss of life ended the center a long time, making attainable the Renaissance, western democracy, and the medical revolution. quickly after, microbes ravaged the Americas, paving the way in which for his or her ecu conquest.

Again and back, microbes have formed our healthiness, our genetics, our background, our tradition, our politics, even our faith and ethics. This ebook finds a lot that scientists and cultural historians have discovered in regards to the pervasive interconnections among infectious microbes and people. It additionally considers what our ongoing primary courting with infectious microbes may well suggest for the way forward for the human species.

The "good side" of history's worst epidemics

The astonishing debt we owe to killer diseases

Where illnesses got here from...

...and the place they are going

Children of pestilence: ailment and civilization

From Egypt to Mexico, the Romans to Attila the Hun

STDs, sexual habit, and culture

How microbes could form cultural cycles of puritanism and promiscuity

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Technique 2:221-236. , Zoidl, G. , 1992, Coexpression of a new 22kD Schwann cell protein with other peripheral myelin genes during regeneration and development, Abstract of the Proceedings 0/ the 19th GlJttingen Neurobiology Conference, ed. , Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York. , 1993, Coexpression of the PMP22 gene with MBP and Po during de novo myelination and nerve repair, Glia : 8:256-264. , 1990, Characterization of mutations in the factor VllI gene by direct sequencing from amplified genomic DNA, Genomics 6: 65-71.

Histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of adult brain from these two lines showed oligodendroglial-specific expression of the trans gene. This was confirmed by assaying the 6-galactosidase activity in an highly enriched oligodendrocyte population purified from the MBP-lacZ animals. These data demonstrated that the 256bp proximal region of the MBP gene promoter is sufficient to confere oligodendroglial specific transcription. Although the transgene construct contains, in addition to the 256bp sequence upstream from the MBP major transcription site, the 90 first bp from exon I b, in situ hybridization experiments with a lacZ cRNA probe showed that the transgene RNA was strictly located at the oligodendrocyte cell bodies, suggesting that the 5' region of exon lb of the MBP gene is not responsible for the migration of the MBP transcripts.

Submitted. , 1979, Studies on cultured rat cells. I. Establishment of purified populations from cultures of peripheral nerve, Brain Res. 165:105-118. , 1984, Construction and application of a highly transmissable murine retrovirus shuttle vector, MoL CelL Bioi. 7: 1053-1062. 72:143-151. , 1986, Powerful and versatile enhancer-promoter unit for mammailian expression vectors, Gene 45:101. Natl. Acad. , USA, 87:2725-2729. , 1990, Strategies for obtaining high level expression in mammalian cells. Technique 2:221-236.

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Germs, Genes, & Civilization: How Epidemics Shaped Who We by David P. Clark
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