By Jules M. Blais, Michael R. Rosen, John P. Smol
The human footprint at the worldwide atmosphere now touches each nook of the area. This booklet explores the myriad ways in which environmental files can be utilized to check the distribution and long term trajectories of chemical contaminants. the quantity first specializes in studies that learn the integrity of the old checklist, together with elements relating to hydrology, post-depositional diffusion, and combining procedures. this can be through a chain of chapters facing the various information and methodologies on hand for long term stories of environmental pollutants, akin to using sediments, ice cores, sclerochronology, and museum specimens.
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Extra info for Environmental Contaminants: Using natural archives to track sources and long-term trends of pollution
Sample text
The extent of sediment focusing is important in determining sediment contaminant distributions. Sediment resuspension will affect the cycling and distribution of pollutants. Sediment focusing results in an enhanced accumulation of fine-grained particles in the accumulation zone (deep basins) of lakes, and these particles provide a large surface area for the sorption of heavy metals, organic pollutants, and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Sediment focusing may enhance uptake of contaminants by benthic biota and internal loading of phosphorus and heavy metals from the sediments during periods of bottom-water anoxia.
8 Comparison of the δ18O isotopic changes in (a) Big Soda Lake, and (b) Pyramid Lake over the last ~ 300 years. After the filling of Lahontan Reservoir between 1905 and 1930, Pyramid Lake level fell and Big Soda Lake level rose. The isotopic composition of precipitated calcite in Pyramid Lake became more positive due to the influences of greater evaporation and the termination of overflow to the neighboring lake. The isotopic composition of precipitated calcite in Big Soda Lake became more negative due to more groundwater inflow (with an isotopically more negative composition).
Figure is redrawn and modified from Spliethoff and Hemond (1996)) engines contributed significant amounts of PAHs to the lake water. The findings of Honkonen and Rantalainen (2013) illustrate that lakes may have multiple sources of the same compound, and differentiation of the sources based on hydrology and input source is critical in understanding the history of contaminants in lakes. In addition to simple riverine inputs from point source pollution from industrial complexes, the hydrology of the watershed can also change as an area changes from an industrial area to an urban environment.