By Jerry Marion (Eds.)
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2000 ENERG Y USAG E IN THE FUTUR E 43 Not only ha s th e use of electri c energ y shown a doublin g tim e of 9 years , bu t othe r energy-relate d activitie s hav e shown similia r increasin g trends . 4 lists th e averag e annua l percentag e increase s and doublin g time s for severa l differen t activitie s tha t influenc e our energ y productio n and energ y usage . Th e dramati c way in which increase s hav e occurre d in recen t year s emphasize s th e increasin g burde n bein g place d upo n our energ y resources .
Base d on an averag e of 7800 kWh/to n or 8580 kWh/metri c ton . c OIL SUPPLIE S 61 COAL SUPPLIE S Coa l is by far our most abundan t fuel; deposit s occur widely throughou t th e world . Th e larges t deposit s ar e in th e Soviet Union wher e nearl y 50 percen t of th e world' s coal reserve s ar e located . Th e next larges t suppl y (abou t 25 percen t of th e worl d reserves ) is in th e Unite d States . Coa l ha s been mine d in man y part s of thi s country . Ther e ar e relativel y few anthracit e deposit s tha t hav e been worke d (most of which ar e in Pennsylvania) , but bituminou s coal is foun d throughou t th e Centra l and Easter n part s of th e countr y and lignit e occur s widely in th e Norther n plains .
The accumulatin g coverin g laye r provide s hea t an d pressur e tha t conver t th e hydrocarbo n materia l int o droplet s of liqui d oil an d bubble s of natura l gas . As additiona l sedimentar y deposit s ar e laid down , th e pressur e increase s and th e oil an d gas 60 4. SOURCE S O F ENERG Y ar e force d int o nearb y porou s san d or sandston e wher e th e open space s ar e larger . Gradually , th e oil and gas migrat e upwar d throug h th e san d and the y the n eithe r escap e to th e surfac e or ar e trappe d beneat h an imperviou s roo f roc k of clay stone .