By J. S. Whitmore (auth.)
At final, built-in administration of drought on farms is handled in a single accomplished ebook. even supposing drought is a hugely variable, near-universal ordinary phenomenon which has repercussions on a country's water and nutrients provides and lots of different sectors of the financial system, there are numerous methods of heading off, resisting and mitigating the consequences of drought. Pro-active preparedness involves utilizing the foundations of hazard administration to improve the drought resistance of a farm systematically, and to have auxiliary contingency plans on the prepared to be used in the course of strangely lengthy droughts. The ebook presents instruments for those suggestions because it covers the administration of water, soils, plants, rangeland, fodder and cattle, and lots of different drought-related subject matters.
Audience: This booklet can be a huge resource of knowledge for collage and school employees and scholars in agricultural sciences, water and land use, environmental administration, geography and danger administration, and likewise farmers, agricultural advisors and coverage makers.
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Extra resources for Drought Management on Farmland
Example text
There is a close interaction between the availability of moisture and nutrients in the soil. On the one hand, no matter how high the nutrient content of the soil, it will be worth little unless there is sufficient moisture to dissolve and transport the nutrients to plant roots. When there is plenty of water in the soil, the wetting front may carry the more soluble nutrients deeper into the soil than the less soluble ones, leading to nutrient differentiation within the soil profile. Conversely, intense evaporation coupled with capillary rise of moisture through the soil may draw more of certain dissolved salts than others into the uppermost layer of soil.
The heavier the subsoil, the higher the cost of deep tillage and subsoiling. Main aims of breaking up dense, relatively impervious layers in the soil are to speed up and increase infiltration of rainwater, to improve soil aeration and to increase the depth of soil which can store moisture for use by a crop during drought. Spin-offs include reduced run-off and evaporation losses, increased soil moisture storage capacity and root penetration, and improved mobilization of nutrients below the restrictive layer.
26 CHAPTER 3 Breaking up obstructive layers will increase percolation but is not always feasible, lasting or economic. When free percolation is impeded, thus slowing or halting the advance of the wetting front, the waterlogged soil creates a so-called perched water-table above the obstructing layer. If the water-table builds up to the surface, it can create large puddles which may persist for quite a long time until they evaporate or until the water-table is drawn down again. As soil usually becomes finer and denser with depth, both percolation and infiltration rates tend to decline if rain is prolonged.