By Charles F. Gritzner
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After a period of precipitation, a saguaro cactus can store up to 2 tons, or 470 gallons (1,800 liters), of water! These giants of the desert 51 52 Deserts n n Southwest also can lose up to 80 percent of their weight through dehydration and still survive. Most cacti, including the barrel cactus, have some means of storing water. Leaves: Most desert plants have small, thick, “waxy,” furry leaves, and some have leaves that fold up or turn their backside toward the sun during the heat of the day. Each of these characteristics reduces water loss.
Along a coast, the land becomes much warmer than the adjacent water during the daytime. Low pressure, therefore, forms over land and high pressure over water, resulting in refreshing sea breezes blowing onshore. During nighttime, the pattern reverses: Land cools and water temperature remains constant, resulting in low pressure over the water and high pressure over land. This results in a land breeze. In mountains, cooler air at high elevation “flows” down slopes into the valley during the nighttime, creating mountain breezes.
There are two types of migrations that pastoral nomads follow. In most locations, migrations follow the seasons. For example, animals might be driven into cooler highlands during summer months and return to lower elevations during the winter. Elsewhere, the migration may be into the middle of the desert during the wet season and into the more humid steppe grasslands nearby during the desert dry season. There is a danger in herding that the animals will eat all the plant life in the area, turning it into a barren landscape.