By Terence J. Byres (auth.)
The contrast among 'capitalism from above' and 'capitalism from under' is necessary within the research of the agrarian query in bad nations. The 'Prussian direction' and the 'American course' are the following tested, opposed to current old scholarship. Their unfolding, from their earliest roots to the purpose of ultimate 'agrarian transition' within the 19th and 20th centuries, is taken into account. The dialectic among social family and effective forces, mediated because it used to be through the nation, is handled and the consequences for capitalist industrialisation scrutinised.
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Additional resources for Capitalism from Above and Capitalism from Below: An Essay in Comparative Political Economy
Sample text
Guha, 1963: 186] 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. II. It was, as Marx observed 'a caricature of large-scale English landed estates' [Marx, 1962: 328]: a caricature of both their idealised and their actual forms. Attempts to transplant historical models, without regard for existing objective circumstances, can go grotesquely awry: can secure an outcome utterly at variance with that intended. In this case, other aspects of colonial policy dictated that it could not possibly succeed on the intended terms [cf.
The Agrarian Question 25 3 A NEW LAYER OF MEANING AND THE BROAD READING OF AGRARIAN TRANSITION We have suggested that the agrarian question, in this Kautsky-Lenin sense, relates quintessentially to accumulation in agriculture. The Russian Revolution was to force another sense: that of the agrarian question in the context of the attempt to build socialism in a backward economy. Another set of issues had to be confronted. This different set of issues would, also, suggest a further important connotation with respect to capitalist development.
23. See Anderson [1974a. 1974b]. 24. See Hobsbawm [1975: 177]. 2 The Agrarian Question, Diversity of Agrarian Transition and the Two Paths: 'Capitalism From Above' and 'Capitalism From Below' I THE DIVERSITY OF SUCCESSFUL AGRARIAN TRANSITION There was an awareness of the diversity of successful agrarian transition from the very outset of Marxist writing on the agrarian question. That awareness is worthy of note. It is consideration of part of the diversity that is the object of this book. Marx had considered the English path of agrarian transition - the development of capitalist agriculture, in all its complexity - in Capital, and given it empirical substance and theoretical precision.