By Alan D Martin; Samuel A Harbison
An creation to Radiation defense is an available account of the character of the risks provided by way of ionizing radiation and the equipment of safeguard, for these new to the sector and for the non-specialist.
This ebook takes the reader throughout the normal history to the topic, the technical rules underlying the keep watch over of radiation risks, the organic results of radiation, and radiation detection and dimension. those are via a attention of extra really expert themes together with radiation defense in drugs and within the nuclear energy undefined, radioactive waste administration and radiological emergencies
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3 for the sake of clarity. The nuclide chart can be used to obtain rapid information on the products of various nuclear reactions. For example, a (n, ␥) reaction on sodium-23 (23Na) produces sodium24 (24Na). 37 MeV. The nucleus resulting from the decay of 24Na is magnesium-24 (24Mg) which is stable. It is obvious that, even in the simplified form shown in Fig. 3, the nuclide chart is an extremely valuable source of information on the properties of both stable and unstable nuclides. 1 Charged particles Both ␣ and  particles lose energy mainly through interactions with atomic electrons in the absorbing medium.
In the chart illustrated in Fig. 3, all the nuclides on the same horizontal line have the same atomic number, while all nuclides with the same mass number lie on a 45° diagonal line, running from upper left to lower right. Many nuclide charts contain additional information which has been omitted from the sample chart shown in Fig. 3 for the sake of clarity. The nuclide chart can be used to obtain rapid information on the products of various nuclear reactions. For example, a (n, ␥) reaction on sodium-23 (23Na) produces sodium24 (24Na).
Equivalent dose: measure of the biological effect of radiation, the unit is the sievert. Equivalent dose ϭ absorbed dose ϫ radiation weighting factor. Radiation weighting factor, wR: measure of the ability of a particular type of radiation to cause biological damage, related to the density of ionization. wR ϭ 1 for , X and ␥, 5 for protons and thermal neutrons, 5–20 for fast neutrons and 20 for ␣ particles. Effective dose: an indicator of the effects of radiation on the body as a whole when different body tissues are exposed to different levels of equivalent dose.